What the 2026 research shows
The Heriot-Watt University and GoLLM study covered 208 councils across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland over 18 months. It reported a mixed picture. Some councils are advancing quickly. Others remain at an early stage of digital development.
The pattern differs by nation. Scotland benefits from coordinated national approaches and university partnerships. England shows the widest gap, with advanced councils sitting next to those at the earliest stage. Wales is focused on data and digital foundations, with cautious pilots of chatbots and AI scribes. Northern Ireland is held back by funding pressure and limited internal capacity.
The researchers say size alone does not decide readiness. Leadership priorities, legacy systems and the pace of guidance shape the variation. Leadership ambition, governance discipline and data capability separate the front-runners from the rest. You can change all three.



